Sadr al-Din al-Shirazi (c. 1571–1640 CE), also known as Mulla Sadra, was a Persian philosopher and mystic of the Islamic Safavid era. Born in Shiraz, Iran, he is considered one of the most influential philosophers in the Islamic world. Mulla Sadra's philosophical system, known as "Transcendent Theosophy" (al-Hikmah al-Muta'aliyah), synthesized elements of Islamic theology, philosophy, and mysticism. His magnum opus, "Asfar," outlines his metaphysical ideas, including the concept of "existential motion" and the unity of being (wahdat al-wujud). Mulla Sadra's profound insights into metaphysics and spirituality continue to influence Islamic philosophy and mysticism to this day.